Conflict management in scheduling meetings

ABSTRACT

A floating meeting is set up such that the actual meeting time is not fixed until after pre-defined parameters are satisfied. One parameter is a point in time nearer to the proposed meeting date(s) than the time of the original meeting invitation. At the later point in time, subsequent and potentially conflicting meetings are automatically avoided to maximize invitee availability or otherwise meet a meeting organizer&#39;s objective.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of calendaringsystems, and more particularly to event scheduling conflict management.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Calendaring systems have formed the core component of personalinformation management software and firmware applications for decades.Initially, a mere calendar display, modern calendaring systems providescheduling and alarm functions in addition to full integration withcontact management. The typical calendaring application minimallyprovides a mechanism for scheduling an event to occur on a certain dateat a certain time. Generally, the event can be associated with a textualdescription of the event. Calendaring systems typically allow a user tomanage shared events, referred to generally as meetings. Electroniccalendaring software allows groups of users to negotiate around thescheduling of a proposed event, such as a meeting, with the goal ofselecting a time that allows most of the users to attend.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, computer programproduct, and system. A first computer system receives a meeting datasetfor a proposed meeting. The first computer system sends a meetinginvitation to an invitee. The first computer system, responsive to theinvitee accepting the meeting invitation, blocking a plurality oftimeslots in an invitee calendar based, at least in part, on the meetingdataset. The first computer system accesses the invitee calendar todetermine a set of available timeslots. The first computer system booksa single timeslot from the plurality of timeslots based, at least inpart, on the set of available timeslots.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a system accordingto the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method performed, at least in part, bythe first embodiment system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a machine logic (for example, software)portion of the first embodiment system;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a system accordingto the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a first screenshot according to an embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 6 is a second screenshot according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A floating meeting is set up such that the actual meeting time is notfixed until after pre-defined parameters are satisfied. One parameter isa point in time nearer to the proposed meeting date(s) than the time ofthe original meeting invitation. At the later time, subsequent andpotentially conflicting meetings are automatically avoided to maximizeinvitee availability. The present invention may be a system, a method,and/or a computer program product. The computer program product mayinclude a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computerreadable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carryout aspects of the present invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference tothe Figures. FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating anetworked computers system, generally designated 100, in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention.

An embodiment of a possible hardware and software environment forsoftware and/or methods according to the present invention will now bedescribed in detail with reference to the Figures. FIG. 1 is afunctional block diagram illustrating various portions of networkedcomputers system 100, including: server sub-system 102; resourcesub-systems 104, 106; organizer sub-system 108; participant sub-systems110, 112; calendar data stores 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, communicationnetwork 114; server computer 200; communication unit 202; processor set204; input/output (I/O) interface set 206; memory device 208; persistentstorage device 210; display device 212; external device(s) 214; randomaccess memory (RAM) devices 230; cache memory device 232; program 300;and delayed-decision meeting (DDM) data store 234.

Sub-system 102 is, in many respects, representative of the variouscomputer sub-system(s) in the present invention. Accordingly, severalportions of sub-system 102 will now be discussed in the followingparagraphs.

Sub-system 102 may be a laptop computer, tablet computer, netbookcomputer, personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a smart phone, or any programmable electronic devicecapable of communicating with the client sub-systems via network 114.Program 300 is a collection of machine readable instructions and/or datathat is used to create, manage and control certain software functionsthat will be discussed in detail, below, in the Example Embodimentsub-section of this Detailed Description section.

Sub-system 102 is capable of communicating with other computersub-systems via network 114. Network 114 can be, for example, a localarea network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, or acombination of the two, and can include wired, wireless, or fiber opticconnections. In general, network 114 can be any combination ofconnections and protocols that will support communications betweencomputer sub-systems.

Sub-system 102 is shown as a block diagram with many double arrows.These double arrows (no separate reference numerals) represent acommunications fabric, which provides communications between variouscomponents of sub-system 102. This communications fabric can beimplemented with any architecture designed for passing data and/orcontrol information between processors (such as microprocessors,communications and network processors, etc.), system memory, peripheraldevices, and any other hardware components within a system. For example,the communications fabric can be implemented, at least in part, with oneor more buses.

Memory 208 and persistent storage 210 are computer readable storagemedia. In general, memory 208 can include any suitable volatile ornon-volatile computer readable storage media. It is further noted that,now and/or in the near future: (i) external device(s) 214 may be able tosupply, some or all, memory for sub-system 102; and/or (ii) devicesexternal to sub-system 102 may be able to provide memory for sub-system102.

Program 300 is stored in persistent storage 210 for access and/orexecution by one or more of the respective computer processors 204,usually through one or more memories of memory 208. Persistent storage210: (i) is at least more persistent than a signal in transit; (ii)stores the program (including its soft logic and/or data), on a tangiblemedium (such as magnetic or optical domains); and (iii) is substantiallyless persistent than permanent storage. Alternatively, data storage maybe more persistent and/or permanent than the type of storage provided bypersistent storage 210.

Program 300 may include both machine readable and performableinstructions and/or substantive data (that is, the type of data storedin a database). In this particular embodiment, persistent storage 210includes a magnetic hard disk drive. To name some possible variations,persistent storage 210 may include a solid state hard drive, asemiconductor storage device, read-only memory (ROM), erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, or any othercomputer readable storage media that is capable of storing programinstructions or digital information.

The media used by persistent storage 210 may also be removable. Forexample, a removable hard drive may be used for persistent storage 210.Other examples include optical and magnetic disks, thumb drives, andsmart cards that are inserted into a drive for transfer onto anothercomputer readable storage medium that is also part of persistent storage210.

Communications unit 202, in these examples, provides for communicationswith other data processing systems or devices external to sub-system102. In these examples, communications unit 202 includes one or morenetwork interface cards. Communications unit 202 may providecommunications through the use of either or both physical and wirelesscommunications links. Any software modules discussed herein may bedownloaded to a persistent storage device (such as persistent storagedevice 210) through a communications unit (such as communications unit202).

I/O interface set 206 allows for input and output of data with otherdevices that may be connected locally in data communication with servercomputer 200. For example, I/O interface set 206 provides a connectionto external device set 214. External device set 214 will typicallyinclude devices such as a keyboard, keypad, a touch screen, and/or someother suitable input device. External device set 214 can also includeportable computer readable storage media such as, for example, thumbdrives, portable optical or magnetic disks, and memory cards. Softwareand data used to practice embodiments of the present invention, forexample, program 300, can be stored on such portable computer readablestorage media. In these embodiments the relevant software may (or maynot) be loaded, in whole or in part, onto persistent storage device 210via I/O interface set 206. I/O interface set 206 also connects in datacommunication with display device 212.

Display device 212 provides a mechanism to display data to a user andmay be, for example, a computer monitor or a smart phone display screen.

The programs described herein are identified based upon the applicationfor which they are implemented in a specific embodiment of the presentinvention. However, it should be appreciated that any particular programnomenclature herein is used merely for convenience, and thus the presentinvention should not be limited to use solely in any specificapplication identified and/or implied by such nomenclature.

Program 300 operates to set up delayed-decision type meetings and tobook the meetings on a case-by-case basis as the proposed time of eachmeeting occurrence approaches. For each meeting occurrence, program 300blocks an open timeslot according to specified meeting parameters,determines a set of “best” timeslots to hold the meeting, and books themeeting for a best timeslot. Timeslots that qualify as “best” timeslotsare defined according to the organizer's preference. The concept of“best” timeslot is discussed in more detail below, but examples of abest timeslot include: (i) a timeslot that ensures availability of keypersonnel; (ii) a timeslot in which the most invitees are availableaccording to their calendar data 111, 113; and (iii) a timeslot thatmeets one or more of the criteria in (i) and (ii), and accommodates theorganizer's preferred schedule.

Some embodiments of the present invention recognize the following facts,potential problems and/or potential areas for improvement with respectto the current state of the art: (i) a meeting requestor may want toinvolve select participants from many different teams, but knows thatattendance of the meeting is only desirable and not actually importantto many of the participants; (ii) invited participants will most likelyskip a desirable meeting, if the scheduled time conflicts with animportant meeting; (iii) some of the target participants will likelyreceive an important meeting request for a conflicting timeslot afteraccepting the requestor's invitation to a desirable meeting (this isparticularly true for a recurring desirable meeting); (iv) the besttimeslot known at the time of initiating a meeting request may no longerbe the best timeslot when the scheduled time arrives; (v) the besttimeslot known at the time of initiating a meeting request may no longerbe the best timeslot when the scheduled day arrives; (vi) there shouldbe a scheduling system that fixes meeting timeslots in an agile way,just as content is released in an agile way; (vii) meeting invitees willgenerally attend recurring meetings provided that higher prioritymeetings do not conflict in time; and/or (viii) meeting invitees willnot likely take the time to resolve the conflicts by countering anaccepted meeting with an alternative timeslot or declining previouslyaccepted meetings.

The simple example that follows provides a good context for furtherunderstanding of this disclosure. In this example, Organizer has bookeda conference room for a sales meeting on every Wednesday 10:30 AM to11:00 AM for the next six months and invited several colleagues. Theinvitees have all accepted the sales meeting because each of theirrespective calendars had no conflicts at the time of receiving therequest. One of the participants is made aware of a scheduling conflictby the Monday evening before one of the Wednesday meeting occurrences.The scheduling conflict is present on her calendar. Despite early noticeand acceptance, the participant is unable to attend the sales meeting.In this scenario, if the participant, who now has a scheduling conflict,takes the time to decline the individual meeting occurrence on thepreceding Monday evening, Organizer may be able to reschedule themeeting for another more suitable time. Rescheduling the sales meetinginvolves last minute actions including: (i) reserving the requiredroom(s); and (ii) obtaining the required resources. Even when such lastminute changes are made successfully, not all of the invitees willtolerate the last minute change to the scheduled meeting.

Some embodiments of the present invention introduce a new meeting type,referred to herein as the delayed decision meeting (DDM). The DDM may bein the form of a recurring meeting or a one-time meeting. Someembodiments of the present invention provide for certain meetingparameters (a form of a meeting dataset) associated with the DDM. Ameeting dataset may include, but are not limited to: (i) open timeslots;(ii) meeting duration; (iii) decision point; and/or (iv) suggestionpoint. The term “open timeslots” refers to a set of timeslots withinwhich the meeting organizer proposes holding a meeting. A singletimeslot is the meeting duration specified for a meeting. For example, ameeting organizer may seek a one-time meeting for a duration of one houron the following Thursday anytime from 9:30 AM to 12:00 PM or from 2:00PM to 3:30 PM. The set of timeslots between 9:30 AM and 12:00 PM andbetween 2:00 PM and 3:30 PM is the “open timeslot.” The decision point,also referred to as the decision point condition, is the time and/ordate when the calendaring program determines the best timeslot withinthe open timeslots to book the meeting. For example, if the decisionpoint condition is 6:00 PM, one day prior to the scheduled meeting, whenthat condition is met, a booking decision will be made, whether by themeeting organizer or automatically by program 300. The suggestion point,also referred to as the suggestion point condition, is the time and/ordate when the meeting organizer is provided with a set of besttimeslots. That is, when the pre-defined suggestion point condition ismet, program 300 provides the meeting organizer with a set of besttimeslots. In some embodiments, the suggested timeslots are ranked inorder from the closest match to furthest match, where a closest matchtime, for example, maximizes availability of invited participants. Inother embodiments, suggested timeslots are based on: (i) availability ofa key participant; (ii) availability of a preferred resource; (iii) themeeting organizer's preferred timeslot(s); (iv) striking a balancebetween meeting organizer's morning and afternoon meetings to providenon-meeting breaks throughout the day; and/or (v) other meetings on theorganizer's calendar, with a focus on grouping meetings together toprovide the organizer with preferred non-meeting hours.

Whether recurring or one time meetings, required resources (forexample—meeting rooms) will be blocked at the time of initiating themeeting request. However, in some embodiments, the final bookingdecision (the decision as to the exact time and exact resource(s) to beused for the scheduled meeting) is made automatically at the decisionpoint. Alternatively, the final booking decision is made at thesuggestion point. Note that instead of making a final booking decisionat the time the meeting invitations are sent, DDMs “block” theparticipants and/or resources for a proposed timeslot within the opentimeslots set up by the meeting organizer.

Once a meeting request is sent to invitees, a thread continues to run atthe scheduling server side. The thread has access to participants'calendar data and rooms/resource calendar data. Based on this set ofcalendar data, the thread processes the DDM requests to determine thebest possible timeslot decisions at the suggestion and/or decisionpoints. In practical usage, there is little chance of having a highnumber of permutations for DDM scheduling. As the meeting timeapproaches, a final booking decision is made so that the exact time andresource(s) are booked. In some embodiments of the present invention,the calendaring program color codes or otherwise indicates whichmeetings are “blocked” versus “booked.”

FIG. 2 shows flowchart 250 depicting a first method according to thepresent invention. FIG. 3 shows program 300 for performing at least someof the method steps of flowchart 250. This method and associatedsoftware will now be discussed, over the course of the followingparagraphs, with extensive reference to FIG. 2 (for the method stepblocks) and FIG. 3 (for the software blocks).

Processing begins at step S255, where a meeting module 355 initiates ameeting invitation. With reference to the above example, Organizerdeploys meeting module 355 over network 114 from organizer sub-system108 to initiate the sales meeting.

Processing proceeds to step S260, where meeting data module 360 receivesmeeting data from a user. As briefly discussed above, meeting data mayinclude one, or more, of the following: (i) a point in time nearer tothe proposed meeting date(s) than the time of the original meetinginvitation; (ii) open timeslots; (iii) meeting duration; (iv) decisionpoint; (v) suggestion point; (vi) required resources. Meeting datadefines aspects of the meeting that support a delayed booking decisionthat best matches the meeting preferences of the meeting requester. Inthe above example, Organizer may specify that the sales meeting may beheld anytime on each Wednesday in the “open timeslot” between the hoursof 8:00 AM and 12:00 PM over the next 6 months.

Processing proceeds to step S265, where invitation module 365 sends ameeting invitation to the specified invitees and/or resources. Themeeting invitation provides the invitee and/or resource with the meetingdata necessary to accept or decline the invitation. Specific examples ofinvitee messages are presented below. Generally, the invitee is informedof the duration of the meeting and the open timeslot and date(s)specified by the meeting requestor.

Processing proceeds to step S270, where open timeslot module 370 blocksthe open timeslot in the respective calendars of the: (i) invitee(s) whoaccepts the meeting invitation; (ii) “participant(s),” and/or (iii)resource(s). The calendars having the blocked open timeslot indicate apotential scheduled meeting for one, or more, timeslots associated withthe open timeslot. In this embodiment, the calendar indicates apotential scheduled meeting for the full open timeslot. Alternatively,only a selected timeslot within the open timeslot is indicated on theaffected calendar(s). Continuing with the example above, as the inviteesaccept the sales meeting invitation, access to their respectivecalendars is given to program 300. With that access, open timeslotmodule 370 blocks the open timeslot of 8:00 AM and 12:00 PM everyWednesday for the next 6 months for each of the invitees' calendars forwhich it has access.

Processing proceeds to step S275, where meeting module 355 holdsprocessing until a specified decision time arrives. The decision time isreferred to herein as a decision point. In this embodiment, the decisionpoint is pre-determined by the meeting request. Alternatively, thedecision point is governed by corporate policy. Alternatively, thedecision point is reached on-demand of the meeting organizer instead ofbeing a pre-determined time. The decision point, whether pre-determinedor not, is data received as meeting data in step S260. Continuing withthe above example, Organizer entered as meeting data in step S260 thedecision point to be every Tuesday morning at 10:00 AM before theWednesday meeting.

Processing proceeds to step S280, where best timeslot module 380determines a best timeslot based on the accessed calendar data of theparticipant(s) and/or resource(s). The term “best timeslot” is not to beconsidered a single timeslot, but there may be any number of besttimeslots. In this step, the best timeslot module determines a singletimeslot from among a set of best timeslots for booking purposes. Inthis embodiment, the best timeslot is determined at a specified time inadvance of the open timeslots of the proposed meeting. Alternatively, asis discussed in detail below, an interim time, or suggestion point, maybe specified where best timeslot module 380 provides a user with a setof best timeslots to select from. When the suggestion point isspecified, there will usually be a subsequent decision point specifiedwhere the best timeslot module makes a booking decision without userintervention. Continuing with the example presented in the aboveparagraphs, a participant of the proposed sales meeting becomes aware ofa conflicting activity on a Monday evening before one of the Wednesdaymeeting occurrences. This conflicting activity is recorded in theparticipant's calendar. Because Organizer specified the decision pointas the Tuesday morning before each sales meeting, best timeslot module380 recognizes the participant's conflicting schedule and makes a besttimeslot decision to book the meeting for a time that works around theparticipant's conflict.

Processing ends at step S285, where meeting module 355 books the besttimeslot according to the best timeslot decision made in step S280. Inthis embodiment, when a meeting is booked, the open timeslot is removedfrom each accessible calendar and a single timeslot is entered. Bookingthe best timeslot includes: (i) reserving any conference room for thebest timeslot; (ii) reserving any other resources, such as a projector,for the best timeslot; and/or (iii) reserving the best timeslot on thecalendar of each participant. Several actions may follow this bookingevent for the convenience of invitees and/or the organizer. For example,upon booking the meeting, an e-mail may be circulated to all invitees,whether they accepted the original invitation or not, to notify them ofthe final booked schedule for each meeting occurrence.

Some embodiments of the present invention include both the suggestionpoint and the decision point. In such cases, the calendaring programincludes validation points such that a suggestion point does not arriveat a time later than the decision point. Further, the user may select asuggested timeslot to fix the scheduled meeting, or the user may choosenot to fix the meeting, but wait for the decision point, at which timethe calendaring program makes the decision by fixing the schedulesmeeting. In some embodiments, the calendaring program selects what itdetermines to be the “best” timeslot, as discussed above.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the meeting organizerinputs into the calendaring program certain requirements for resourcesincluding: (i) meeting room location; (ii) room capacity; and/or (iii)availability of a projector. At no point in time will the calendaringprogram allow for over-booking. The calendaring program considers: (i)the duration of requested meetings; and (ii) available meeting rooms.However, the final booking decision for the exact meeting room is madeby the calendaring program at the predetermined decision point for thatmeeting. The final booking decision is based on the specified parametersof the specific occurrence of the meeting being booked. In that way, themeeting requestor, or meeting organizer, will always have a confirmedmeeting room that satisfies the requestor's requirements while the exactroom remains unknown until the time and/or date of the decision point.

Some embodiments of the present invention set the decision point at anorganization level. This may be implemented by a corporate ororganization policy. For example, an organization has a policy thatfinal booking decisions on all the DDMs should be made at 6 PM one dayprior to the date of the scheduled meeting. In that way, a centralizedscheduler is able to make final DDM booking decisions based on staticcalendar data. In some embodiments, a corporate calendaring programhandles the DDM booking decisions. Alternatively, each meeting organizeruses a calendaring program that has access to the schedule of invitedmeeting participants. Based on the collective scheduling data, thecalendaring program determines the “best” timeslot according to theconstraints that the meeting requestor has defined. The calendaringprogram conveys the precise timeslot and resource(s) decided at finalbooking (for example, booking info determined at the decision point) tothe meeting participants through available communication channels, suchas e-mail.

Some embodiments of the present invention allow a meeting organizer tooverride the decision point set at the organization level. For example,at the time of initiating a meeting request, the meeting organizerchooses a decision point that is earlier than what is set atorganization level. In that way, the final booking decision for hismeeting may be taken two days prior to the scheduled day despite acorporate policy requiring a decision point the day before the scheduledmeeting. Generally, the calendaring program has access to more certainscheduling data as the meeting date approaches, than when a recurringmeeting is booked, such as six months prior to the meeting date.

Some embodiments of the present invention determine the near-besttimeslots with the help of heuristic algorithms. Near-best timeslotsinclude: (i) a timeslot determined by the calendaring program to be“best;” and (ii) other timeslot(s) within the designated “opentimeslots.” Processing near-best timeslots may be helpful where manyorganizers schedule DDMs for overlapping open timeslots.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide for invited meetingparticipants to input meeting preference data. For example, the inviteereceives a meeting request with available responses including: (i)accept the meeting; (ii) reject the meeting; (iii) tentatively acceptthe meeting; and/or (iv) respond to questions regarding the invitee'smeeting preferences. Invitee meeting preferences may include one, ormore, of the following: (i) whether a potentially conflicting scheduledmeeting has priority over the invited meeting; and/or (ii) the priorityorder for any conflicting or potentially conflicting meetings. In thatway, the calendaring program makes informed suggestions and/ordecisions. Some embodiments of the present invention include allinvitees who have rejected the meeting request (non-participants) in amessage that is conveyed at the time of the decision point. Thisnotifies the non-participants of the firm meeting details (for example,meeting time and meeting room) so that they may reconsider attending themeeting. One embodiment presents the message to non-participants in theform of a new meeting request. Other embodiments simply notify thenon-participants of the firm meeting details via e-mail, instantmessage, voice message, etc.

Use cases and discussions of exemplary processes performed at least inpart by networked computers system 400 according to an embodiment of thepresent invention follows. FIG. 4 depicts networked computers system 400including: e-mail client sub-system 402, network 420, e-mail serversub-system 410, meeting scheduler 412, calendar data store 414, anddelayed decision meeting (DDM) request data store 416.

In a first use case, a meeting organizer wishes to schedule a DDM viae-mail client sub-system 402 over network 420 for one hour everyWednesday for the next 6 months at any time between 10:00 AM to 12:00PM. DDM request data includes: (i) the meeting room must be at the mainoffice building and must hold 10 participants; and (ii) there must be aprojector allocated to the meeting room.

The meeting organizer wants to receive suggestions from scheduler 412for a “best” timeslot(s) at 6:00 PM every Monday for the comingWednesday's meeting occurrence. The “best” timeslot suggestions arebased on the corresponding meeting request data, in DDM request datastore 416, and the calendar data for both the organizer and theparticipants (invitees having accepted the meeting request), in calendardata store 414. The best timeslot suggestions are ranked from closestmatch to furthest match, as discussed above. If no suggestion is takenby the organizer, scheduler 412 automatically makes a booking decisionbased on the closest match ranking at the decision point, which is atime that is pre-determined at the organization level. In this example,the pre-determined decision point is 6:00 PM the day prior to anypotential timeslot for the DDM. Alternatively, the decision point isdetermined by the organizer at the time the meeting request is created.Alternatively, the decision point is based on a global user preference.

Continuing with the example, the main office building location has onlytwo conference rooms. DDM scheduler 412 ensures that not more than fourhours of conference room booking is permitted between the hours of 10:00AM and 12:00 PM for the main office building location. If for anyparticular week over the six month period being blocked, four hours arealready booked, the scheduler asks the organizer to expand and/or changethe specified open timeslots. The scheduler allows the organizer toblock the meeting for all other occurrences and treat this particularweek as an exception with different open timeslots.

Scheduler 412 initiates a suggestion thread at 6:00 PM every Monday byanalyzing the availability of all the participants and resourcesaccording to their respective calendar data in calendar data store 414in light of the corresponding DDM request data in data store 416. Thescheduler compiles a suggestion list and displays the “best” timeslotsuggestions. The meeting organizer receives the suggestion list fromscheduler 412 along with a request to decide which, if any, of thesuggested timeslots should be used to fix the meeting schedule. If nodecision is made before Tuesday at 6:00 PM, the scheduler chooses thebest possible timeslot and reports the decision to all of the meetinginvitees (including those who declined the meeting request).Alternatively, only those who accept the meeting are notified of thefinal scheduled meeting.

In a second use case, Architect initiates a weekly meeting on the bestarchitectural practices via email client 402 over network 420. Architectinvites 1-2 members from 6-7 different teams to participate in thisstandard weekly meeting. Upon study of the attendance records of theclass, it is noticed that participants for each occurrence of therecurring meeting are not the same. Such data may indicate that inviteeshave not completely lost interest in the topic of discussion. It islikely that the participants' priorities occasionally change, makingattendance of every meeting impossible. In this use case, the meetingorganizer knows that the architectural practices meetings are onlydesirable, but not a priority for most of the participants. Thedelayed-decision type meeting offers the organizer the flexibility toincrease availability of potential attendees by avoiding criticalconflicting times. By setting up a DDM using scheduler 412 for thisrecurring meeting, the organizer is able to specify flexible meetingcriteria that is stored in DDM request data store 416. In that way, thescheduler is able to fix the schedule for the weekly meetings at thedecision point as each meeting occurrence approaches so that all of theparticipants may be available.

In a third use case, there is a simplified organization structure havingonly 25 employees, a company president, and a total of four projectteams. Prez is the president of Acme Corporation. Team A has fivemembers, A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5, and one manager, Able. Team B has fivemembers, B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5, and one manager, Baker. Team C has fivemembers, C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5, and one manager, Charlie. Team D hasfive members, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, and one manager, Denise.

On January 1, Prez sends a DDM invitation via email client 402 over thenetwork 420 to four employees, A1, B1, C1 and D1. Each of the fourinvitees receives the following message along with the DDM invitation,“A 30 minute meeting will be held every Wednesday at any time between12:00 PM and 5:00 PM for next six months.” The invitees who accept theDDM invitation (referred to herein as “participants”) have theircalendars updated in calendar data store 414 to show the 12:00 PM-5:00PM timeslot as possibly booked with possibility at 10% (the probabilityfor booking a 30 minute timeslot between 12:00 PM and 5:00 PM is 1/10).As an alternative, Prez could have specified a default timeslot as well,such as 2:00 PM to 2:30 PM. In that case, participant's calendars showthe default timeslot as booked until the time of the decision point.

Acme Corporation has only two meeting rooms that suit the capacityrequirements input by Prez. The DDM system ensures that not more than 10hours of booking is permitted between 12:00 PM and 5:00 PM to ensurethat Prez maintains a confirmed meeting room booking for 30 minutes eachweek regardless of the final timeslot of each weekly meeting occurrence.At the decision point, the DDM scheduler 412 identifies the besttimeslot to schedule the meeting based on DDM request data for themeeting and calendar data corresponding to the participants. In thisexample, “best timeslot” refers to the timeslot when most of theparticipants are available and a specified room is also available. Thoseinvitees who have accepted the meeting invitation are the ones for whichthe “best timeslot” is directed. Other non-participating invitees do nothave the meeting on their calendars and are not considered when making a“best timeslot” decision. It should be noted that DDM scheduler 412blocks a guaranteed room and makes a final booking at the decisionpoint.

In a fourth use case, one-on-one meetings are addressed. Emily is anemployee at XYZ Corporation. She reports to a personnel manager, Frank,and her production supervisor is Gail. Frank likes to schedule regularone-on-one meetings with those people he is responsible for. Gailfrequently needs to set up meetings with her production team on shortnotice. There exists the chance that Emily will have conflicts between arecurring one-on-one meeting with Frank and occasional one-time teammeetings with Gail. Frank takes advantage of the flexibility andautomated functionality of a DDM to avoid conflicts with Gail'smeetings. He schedules a DDM for each Wednesday over the next 6 months.Frank's included in his DDM request data that he desires a suggestionlist every Monday at 10:00 AM for a 30 minute timeslot where he andEmily are available between 12 PM to 5 PM on the following Wednesday.XYZ Corporation has a decision point policy in place for DDMs. All DDMsmust have a fixed schedule no later than one day prior to the DDM dateat 10:30 AM. When Frank does not chose any suggestion by 10:30 AM theday before the scheduled meeting (the decision point), scheduler 412automatically fixes a “best” timeslot. As is recognized by the presentinvention, any scheduling conflict between an important meeting and anurgent meeting is generally resolved by giving priority to the urgentmeeting. Accordingly, a meeting requestor, such as Frank, should preferto have a DDM option for scheduling meetings that are important and noturgent for the invitees.

FIG. 5 is screenshot 500 depicting a DDM request as-viewed by Frankaccording to an embodiment of the present invention. The screenshotshows the fields selected by Frank and meeting request data entered byFrank into the user interface fields. In this example, Frank is holdingthe meeting at his office, so he has not selected the “resources” box.Further, XYZ Corporation has a decision point policy in place thatrequires a decision be made by a specified time. If Frank wants to movethe decision point up, he may do so by selecting the decision point boxin the user interface.

In this embodiment, when the suggestion point arrives, a suggestion listwill appear to Frank in his Email Client 402 in the form of a popupwindow. Alternatively, Frank is notified by text message, e-mailmessage, or phone call. Frank is provided the option to select one ofthe suggested timeslots to fix the DDM schedule. If Frank does not makea decision regarding the timeslot until reaching the decision point, DDMscheduler 412 makes the decision based on the top rated, or best,timeslot. When the scheduler makes the decision, an email is sent toeach invite and the requestor providing the final timeslot androoms/resources booked for the meeting.

FIG. 6 is screenshot 600 depicting a DDM request as-viewed by theinvitee according to an embodiment of the present invention. Thescreenshot provides the invitee with a full disclosure as to theduration of the meeting, the date(s) it may be held, and the timeslotsthat are targeted. In this example, a default timeslot is selected byFrank, so Emily, the invitee, is notified of the initial timeslot of2:00 PM-2:30 PM each Wednesday for the next 6 months.

When a third party seeking to schedule a meeting reviews Emily'scalendar, the third party will see that Emily has a meeting scheduledfor 2:00 PM-2:30 PM every Wednesday. Alternatively, and particularlywhen no default timeslot is selected, the third party may see the hoursof 12:00 PM to 5:00 PM blocked for a meeting with a 10% probability. The10% is determined based on a 5 hour timeslot where only a half hourmeeting will be scheduled, that is, 10% of the 5 hours will be neededfor the DDM to be scheduled. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, the user's calendar displays a visual indicator of, forexample, a red color over a booked timeslot and displays a light redcolor for an open timeslot (in this example: 12:00 PM to 5:00 PM).Additionally, the degree of red may indicate the probability of therebeing a meeting during the open timeslot. For example, an open timeslothaving a 10% probability of a meeting is shown in very light red, whilethe same timeslot having a 40% probability of a meeting is shown in amedium shade of red. In that way, the shade of red changes based on thecumulative probability for all DDM meetings scheduled during aparticular open timeslot.

Some embodiments of the present invention may include one, or more, ofthe following features, characteristics and/or advantages: (i) makesbest-timeslot decisions iteratively for a scheduled meeting according toavailability factors; (ii) provides suggested time-slots for a scheduledmeeting to a meeting scheduler based on availability factors; (iii)applies to recurring meetings; (iv) applies to one-time meetings; (v)ensures guaranteed room(s) and/or resource(s) for each scheduledmeeting; (vi) provides target range of meeting times with meetinginvitations; (vii) provides target range of meeting dates with meetinginvitations; (viii) updates the calendars of invitees when meetingschedule is fixed; (ix) accesses calendars of invitees who have acceptedthe meeting to determine their availability; (x) publishes theavailability of invitees who have accepted the meeting; (xi) allows ameeting organizer to set a decision point for each meeting request;(xii) allows a meeting organizer to set a suggestion point for eachmeeting request; (xiii) processes meeting requests having open timeslotsin which a scheduled meeting may be held; (xiv) operates to auto-resolvescheduling conflicts that arise as the meeting time approaches; (xv)breaks the scheduling process into two steps to minimize the conflicts,that is, first “blocking” the room(s)/resource(s) and second making thefinal scheduling decision by “booking” the room(s)/resource(s); (xvi)provides for a floating meeting that takes available timeslotsiteratively for each occurrence of the floating meeting near theday/time of the meeting; (xvii) communicates the fixed meeting timeand/or place with an invitee who declined the meeting invitation so theinvitee may attend the meeting if no longer conflicted; and/or (xviii)an e-mail server holds the data of decision points and suggestion pointsfor the delayed decision meetings requested by users.

Some helpful definitions follow

Present invention: should not be taken as an absolute indication thatthe subject matter described by the term “present invention” is coveredby either the claims as they are filed, or by the claims that mayeventually issue after patent prosecution; while the term “presentinvention” is used to help the reader to get a general feel for whichdisclosures herein that are believed as maybe being new, thisunderstanding, as indicated by use of the term “present invention,” istentative and provisional and subject to change over the course ofpatent prosecution as relevant information is developed and as theclaims are potentially amended.

Embodiment: see definition of “present invention” above—similar cautionsapply to the term “embodiment.”

and/or: inclusive or; for example, A, B “and/or” C means that at leastone of A or B or C is true and applicable.

User/subscriber: includes, but is not necessarily limited to, thefollowing: (i) a single individual human; (ii) an artificialintelligence entity with sufficient intelligence to act as a user orsubscriber; and/or (iii) a group of related users or subscribers.

Computer: any device with significant data processing and/or machinereadable instruction reading capabilities including, but not limited to:desktop computers, mainframe computers, laptop computers,field-programmable gate array (fpga) based devices, smart phones,personal digital assistants (PDAs), body-mounted or inserted computers,embedded device style computers, application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC) based devices.

Timeslot: a single contiguous time range.

Open timeslot: a set of timeslots, the set of timeslots may or may notinclude contiguous timeslots and may include more than one date. An opentimeslot may represent, for example, all potential meeting times for afloating meeting.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer program product comprising a computerreadable storage medium having stored thereon: first programinstructions programmed to receive a meeting dataset for a proposedmeeting, the meeting dataset including a pre-defined period before anearliest occurrence of the proposed meeting, a meeting duration, and aplurality of timeslots, each timeslot of the plurality of timeslotshaving an individual duration equal to the meeting duration; secondprogram instructions programmed to send a meeting invitation for theproposed meeting to an invitee; third program instructions programmedto, responsive to the invitee accepting the meeting invitation,tentatively book the plurality of timeslots in an invitee calendar;fourth program instructions programmed to automatically access theinvitee calendar at the pre-defined period before an earliest occurrenceof the proposed meeting to determine a set of available timeslots fromthe plurality of timeslots; fifth program instructions programmed todetermine to book a single timeslot from the plurality of timeslots onthe invitee calendar based, at least in part, on the set of availabletimeslots; and sixth program instructions programmed to finally book thesingle timeslot on the invitee calendar.
 2. The computer program productof claim 1 wherein the pre-defined period before an earliest occurrenceof the proposed meeting is based on a pre-determined decision pointcondition.
 3. The computer program product of claim 1 wherein thecomputer readable storage medium further has stored thereon: seventhprogram instructions programmed to responsive to meeting a suggestionpoint condition, automatically providing to a meeting organizer aplurality of suggested single timeslots from the plurality of timeslotsbased, at least in part, on the set of available timeslots.
 4. Thecomputer program product of claim 1 wherein tentatively blocking theplurality of timeslots includes program instructions programmed todetermine the probability that a single timeslot within the plurality oftimeslots will be booked.
 5. The computer program product of claim 1wherein the meeting dataset includes one of the following pieces ofdata: decision point and suggestion point.
 6. The computer programproduct of claim 1 wherein automatically accessing the invitee calendaris responsive to a user input prior to the earliest timeslot of theplurality of timeslots.
 7. A computer system comprising: a processor(s)set; and a computer readable storage medium; wherein: the processor setis structured, located, connected and/or programmed to run programinstructions stored on the computer readable storage medium; and theprogram instructions include: first program instructions programmed toreceive a meeting dataset for a proposed meeting, the meeting datasetincluding a pre-defined period before an earliest occurrence of theproposed meeting, a meeting duration, and a plurality of timeslots, eachtimeslot of the plurality of timeslots having an individual durationequal to the meeting duration; second program instructions programmed tosend a meeting invitation for the proposed meeting to an invitee; thirdprogram instructions programmed to, responsive to the invitee acceptingthe meeting invitation, tentatively book the plurality of timeslots inan invitee calendar; fourth program instructions programmed toautomatically access the invitee calendar at the pre-defined periodbefore an earliest occurrence of the proposed meeting to determine a setof available timeslots from the plurality of timeslots; fifth programinstructions programmed to determine to book a single timeslot from theplurality of timeslots on the invitee calendar based, at least in part,on the set of available timeslots; and sixth program instructionsprogrammed to finally book the single timeslot on the invitee calendar.8. The computer system of claim 7 wherein the pre-defined period beforean earliest occurrence of the proposed meeting is based on apre-determined decision point condition.
 9. The computer system of claim7 wherein the computer readable storage medium further has storedthereon: seventh program instructions programmed to responsive tomeeting a suggestion point condition, automatically providing to ameeting organizer a plurality of suggested single timeslots from theplurality of timeslots based, at least in part, on the set of availabletimeslots.
 10. The computer system of claim 7 wherein tentativelyblocking the plurality of timeslots includes program instructionsprogrammed to determine the probability that a single timeslot withinthe plurality of timeslots will be booked.
 11. The computer system ofclaim 7 wherein the meeting dataset includes one of the following piecesof data: decision point and suggestion point.
 12. The computer system ofclaim 7 wherein automatically accessing the invitee calendar isresponsive to a user input prior to the earliest timeslot of theplurality of timeslots.
 13. The computer program product of claim 1wherein finally booking the single timeslot includes programinstructions programmed to cancel the tentative booking of timeslots inthe invitee calendar other than the single timeslot.
 14. The computersystem of claim 7 wherein finally booking the single timeslot includesprogram instructions programmed to cancel the tentative booking oftimeslots in the invitee calendar other than the single timeslot.